16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris: Tips + Trick Menghapal Jitu Di Sini

16 Tenses bahasa Inggris adalah bentuk perubahan kata kerja (verb) yang menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa dan tingkat penyelesaiannya. Tenses terbentuk dari kombinasi 4 waktu (Present, Past, Future, Past Future) dan 4 aspek (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous). Rumus paling dasarnya berakar pada pemakaian Verb 1 (saat ini), Verb 2 (lampau), Will + V1 (masa depan), dan Verb 3 (selesai/sempurna).

Di artikel ini, kamu bisa mencari tahu lebih dalam soal tata bahasa yang sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris, misalnya 16 tenses bahasa Inggris yang mungkin dianggap sulit oleh banyak orang. Mempelajari bahasa baru memang butuh ketekunan dan kerja keras, tapi nothing is impossible kalau kamu punya tekad yang kuat.

Yuk, simak uraian di bawah!

Apa Fungsi Tenses Dalam Bahasa Inggris?

Menurut British Council, tenses dalam bahasa Inggris berfungsi sebagai penanda waktu untuk suatu aksi atau kejadian menggunakan 12 struktur kata kerja.

Secara umum, tenses memiliki kaitan yang sangat erat dengan waktu kejadian. Tenses juga bisa digunakan untuk;

• Mengetahui kapan suatu kejadian terjadi,
• Mengatahui durasi terjadinya suatu kejadian, dan
• Menunjukkan hubungan waktu yang menghubungkan satu kejadian dengan yang lain.

Ada 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris yang bisa kita pelajari bersama. Di bawah ini, kamu bisa mempelajari rangkuman dasar 16 tenses bahasa Inggris tersebut.

Rangkuman Singkat 16 tenses Bahasa Inggris Untuk pemula

16 tenses bahasa Inggris punya fungsi dan rumus tenses masing-masing. Di bawah ini, kita bisa belajar bersama lewat rangkuman singkat mengenai 16 tenses bahasa Inggris.

No	Tense	Rumus Kalimat Verbal (+)	Keterangan Waktu (Time Signal)	Contoh Kalimat Singkat
1	Simple Present	S + V_1 (s/es)	always, usually, every day	She writes a letter.
2	Present Continuous	S + is/am/are + text-ing	now, right now, at present	She is writing a letter.
3	Present Perfect	S + have/has + V_3	already, yet, since, for	She has written a letter.
4	Present Perfect Cont.	S + have/has + been + V text-ing	for 2 hours, all day	She has been writing for hours.
5	Simple Past	S + V_2	yesterday, last night, in 2020	She wrote a letter.
6	Past Continuous	S + was/were + text-ing	when, while, at 7 PM yesterday	She was writing when he arrived.
7	Past Perfect	S + had + V_3	before, after, by the time	She had written before he arrived.
8	Past Perfect Cont.	S + had + been + V text-ing	for 3 hours before…	She had been writing for 3 hours.
9	Simple Future	S + will + V_1	tomorrow, next week, soon	She will write a letter.
10	Future Continuous	S + will + be + V text-ing	at 9 AM tomorrow	She will be writing tomorrow.
11	Future Perfect	S + will + have + V_3	by next month, by 2027	She will have written the book.
12	Future Perfect Cont.	S + will + have + been + V text-ing	by next year for 5 years	She will have been writing for years.
13	Past Future	S + would + V_1	if, should, that day	She would write if she could.
14	Past Future Cont.	S + would + be + V text-ing	at that time (past plan)	She would be writing at that time.
15	Past Future Perfect	S + would + have + V_3	if clause type 3	She would have written it.
16	Past Fut. Perf. Cont.	S + would + have + been + V text-ing	past conditional duration	She would have been writing.

Present Tense (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)

Simple Present

Simple present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan (habitual action), rutinitas, dan fakta umum ilmiah (general truth).

Rumus simple present tense;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + V1 (he, she, it + V1+s/es)	(+) She works every day.
(-) S + do/does + not + V1	(-) He does not play football.
(?) Do/Does + S + V1?	(?) Do you like coffee?

Time Signals: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, every week.

Present Continuous

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini atau rencana di masa depan.

Rumus tenses present continuous terdiri dari;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + am/is/are + V-ing	(+) I am reading a book.
(-) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing	(-) They are not working today.
(?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?	(?) Are you studying right now?

Time Signals: now, right now, at this moment, currently, Look!, Listen!.

Present Perfect

Biasanya, tenses present perfect digunakan untuk peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak spesifik di masa lalu dan hasilnya masih relevan, atau tindakan yang baru saja selesai.

Begini rumus present perfect tense;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + has/have + V3	(+) She has visited the museum.
(-) S + has/have + not + V3	(-) I have not seen that movie.
(?) Has/Have + S + V3?	(?) Have they finished their homework?

Time Signals: already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently.

Present Perfect Continuous

Jenis tenses yang satu ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus present perfect continuous;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + has/have + been + V-ing	(+) They have been working for hours.
(-) S + has/have + not + been + V-ing	(-) She has not been feeling well.
(?) Has/Have + S + been + V-ing?	(?) Have you been waiting long?

Time Signals: for two hours, all morning, since morning, the whole day.

Past Tense (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)

Simple Past

Simple past tense punya fungsi untuk menyatakan tindakan yang sudah selesai di masa lalu.

Rumus simple past tense adalah:

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + V2	(+) I visited New York last summer.
(-) S + did + not + V1	(-) He did not go to the party.
(?) Did + S + V1?	(?) Did you watch the movie?

Time Signals: yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, in 2020, just now.

Past Continuous

Fungsi dari past continuous tense adalah untuk menyatakan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu pada waktu tertentu.

Begini cara membuat kalimat past continuous tense:

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + was/were + V-ing	(+) She was reading when I called her.
(-) S + was/were + not + V-ing	(-) I was not studying last night.
(?) Was/Were + S + V-ing?	(?) Were you sleeping when I called?

Time Signals: when, while, at 7 PM yesterday, all evening yesterday.

Past Perfect

Jenis tenses yang satu ini biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang sudah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.

Lihat rumus past perfect tense dan contoh kalimatnya di bawah ini ya!

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + had + V3	(+) They had left before I arrived.
(-) S + had + not + V3	(-) I had not finished my homework when he called.
(?) Had + S + V3?	(?) Had you eaten before the meeting?

Time Signals: before, after, by the time, as soon as, already.

Past Perfect Continuous

Penggunaan past perfect continuous tense ditujukan untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang telah berlangsung sebelum kejadian lain terjadi di masa lalu.

Ada tiga jenis rumus yang harus kamu pelajari, di antaranya;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + had + been + V-ing	(+) She had been working for hours before she took a break.
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing	(-) They had not been studying for the exam.
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing?	(?) Had you been waiting long when they arrived?

Time Signals: for three hours before…, since morning until….

Future Tense (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)

Simple Future

Fungsi simple future tense adalah untuk menyatakan rencana atau prediksi di masa depan.

Berikut adalah beberapa rumus dasar yang bsia kamu gunakan untuk membuat kalimat simple future tense:

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + will + V1	(+) I will visit you tomorrow.
(-) S + will + not + V1	(-) She will not attend the meeting.
(?) Will + S + V1?	(?) Will you come to the party?

Time Signals: tomorrow, next week, soon, later, in three days.

Future Continuous

Future continuous tense berfungsi untuk menyatakan tindakan yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Rumus future continuous tense:

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + will + be + V-ing	(+) I will be studying at 8 PM.
(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing	(-) We will not be traveling next week.
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing?	(?) Will they be working tomorrow?

Time Signals: at this time tomorrow, at 9 AM next Monday.

Future Perfect

Future perfect biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Rumus future perfect tense:

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + will + have + V3	(+) By next week, I will have finished my project.
(-) S + will + not + have + V3	(-) She will not have completed her task by tomorrow.
(?) Will + S + have + V3?	(?) Will they have left by 5 PM?

Time Signals: by next month, by the end of this year, by tomorrow.

Future Perfect Continuous

Future perfect continuous tense punya fungsi penting untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang akan sudah berlangsung sampai waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Jenis tenses yang satu ini punya struktur tenses sebagai berikut:

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) S + will + have + been + V-ing	(+) By next year, I will have been working here for 10 years.
(-) S + will + not + have + been + V-ing	(-) She will not have been waiting for long by the time you arrive.
(?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing?	(?) Will you have been studying for 2 hours by 7 PM?

Time Signals: by next year for 10 years, by tomorrow for 3 days.

Past Future Tense (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)

Simple Past Future

Simple past future digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan di masa depan jika kondisi tertentu terpenuhi. Rumusnya terdiri dari;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) If + S + present, S + will + V1	(+) If it rains, we will stay inside.
(-) If + S + present, S + will + not + V1	(-) If it rains, we will not go outside.
(?) If + S + present, will + S + V1?	(?) If it rains, will we stay inside?

Past Future Continuous

Past fture continuous tense berfungsi untuk menyatakan kondisi yang tidak nyata atau tidak mungkin terjadi di masa depan.

Berikut adalah rumus-rumusnya;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) If + S + past, S + would + V1	(+) If I were rich, I would travel the world.
(-) If + S + past, S + would + not + V1	(-) If I were rich, I would not work.
(?) If + S + past, would + S + V1?	(?) If you were rich, would you travel the world?

Past Future Perfect

Tenses yang satu ini memiliki fungsi untuk menyatakan kondisi yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu dan hasil yang seharusnya terjadi.

Ada beberapa rumus past future perfect yang bisa digunakan, antara lain;

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) If + S + past perfect, S + would have + V3	(+) If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
(-) If + S + past perfect, S + would not have + V3	(-) If I had studied harder, I would not have failed the exam.
(?) If + S + past perfect, would + S + have + V3?	(?) If you had studied, would you have passed the exam?

Past Future Perfect Continuous

Fungsi past future perfect continuous tense adalah untuk menggabungkan kondisi di masa lalu dengan hasil yang relevan di masa sekarang.

Berikut adalah beberapa rumus dasar yang bsia kamu gunakan untuk membuat kalimat past future perfect continuous tense:

Rumus:	Contoh Kalimat:
(+) If + S + past perfect, S + would + V1	(+) If I had studied harder, I would be a doctor now.
(-) If + S + past perfect, S + would not + V1	(-) If I had studied harder, I would not be struggling with my job now.
(?) If + S + past perfect, would + S + V1?	(?) If you had studied, would you be a doctor now?

Cara Cepat Mengerjakan Soal Latihan Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Karena berkaitan erat dengan waktu, kamu bisa melakukan beberapa langkah

Berikut tips dan trick mengerjakan soal latihan tenses bahasa Inggris:

• Hapalkan kata penanda waktu dari masing-masing tenses,
• Fokus pada kata kerja (verb) untuk menentukan garis besar tenses,

Tense	Bentuk Verb
Present	V1 / V1+s
Past	V2
Perfect	have/has/had + V3
Continuous	to be + V-ing

• Perhatikan subjek dan struktur yang digunakan, dan
• Banyak berlatih

Baca juga: 50 Soal Latihan Present Tense Bahasa Inggris

FAQ 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Ada beberapa pertanyaan yang sering diajukan pelajar tentang materi 16 tenses bahasa Inggris, di antaranya;

Gimana, mudah kan? Kuncinya adalah dengan banyak berlatih dan pantang menyerah agar kamu dapat dengan segera menguasai tata bahasa Inggris tanpa kesulitan.

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Sumber bacaan: Verb Tenses.

Diperbarui tanggal 21 September 2026.