Latihan Soal TOEFL: Penggunaan Preposition dan Penjelasannya

Estimated reading time: 11 minutes

Artikel ini berisi tentang 50 latihan soal TOEFL mengenai materi preposition lengkap dengan jawaban dan penjelasannya.

Dalam persiapan TOEFL, salah satu materi grammar yang sering muncul adalah preposition (kata depan).

Banyak peserta tes kehilangan poin karena salah memilih preposition yang tepat dalam kalimat. Oleh karena itu, memahami penggunaan preposition secara mendalam sangat penting sebelum mengerjakan latihan soal TOEFL.

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Apa Itu Preposition?

Preposition adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara kata benda (noun) atau kata ganti (pronoun) dengan kata lain dalam kalimat. Hubungan tersebut bisa berupa waktu, tempat, arah, sebab, atau cara.

Contoh umum:

• in, on, at (waktu & tempat)
• to, into, onto (arah)
• for, since, during (keterangan waktu)
• with, by (cara atau alat)

Jenis Preposition yang Sering Muncul di TOEFL

1. Preposition of Time

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu.

• In → bulan, tahun, periode panjang
  in 2024, in July, in the morning
• On → hari & tanggal
  on Monday, on August 17th
• At → jam & waktu spesifik
  at 7 a.m., at night

Kesalahan umum dalam latihan soal TOEFL adalah tertukar antara in, on, dan at.

2. Preposition of Place

Menunjukkan lokasi atau posisi.

• In → di dalam ruang tertutup
  in the room
• On → di atas permukaan
  on the table
• At → lokasi spesifik
  at school, at the station

3. Preposition After Certain Verbs & Adjectives

Dalam TOEFL, sering muncul soal structure yang menguji pasangan kata kerja atau adjective dengan preposition tertentu.

Contoh:

• Interested in
• Afraid of
• Responsible for
• Depend on
• Participate in
• Capable of

Bagian ini sangat penting karena tidak selalu bisa diterjemahkan langsung dari bahasa Indonesia.

4. Prepositional Phrases

Preposition sering muncul dalam bentuk frasa, misalnya:

• In spite of
• Because of
• Due to
• In addition to
• According to

Frasa ini sering muncul di bagian Structure and Written Expression TOEFL.

Latihan Soal TOEFL Tentang Preposition

1. Soal: She is known _ her honesty.
   Jawab: for
   Penjelasan: known for = terkenal karena (famous for). known as berarti dikenal sebagai (He is known as a great teacher).
2. Soal: I’ll meet you _ 5 p.m.
   Jawab: at
   Penjelasan: Gunakan at untuk waktu yang spesifik/presisi (at 5 p.m., at noon, at midnight). Kesalahan umum: menulis in 5 p.m. atau on 5 p.m. (salah).
3. Soal: She was born _ October 2005.
   Jawab: in
   Penjelasan: Bulan, tahun, abad → pakai in (in July, in 1999, in the 20th century).
4. Soal: The party is _ Saturday night.
   Jawab: on
   Penjelasan: Hari dan bagian hari: on untuk hari tertentu (on Saturday, on Monday morning). Catatan: umum juga at night (tanpa hari): I sleep at night.
5. Soal: He lives _ Jakarta.
   Jawab: in
   Penjelasan: Kota/negara/distrik → in. (in Paris, in Indonesia)
6. Soal: The book is _ the table.
   Jawab: on
   Penjelasan: Permukaan → on (on the table, on the wall). Kesalahan: menulis in the table (salah kecuali kotak/peti).
7. Soal: Put the keys _ your pocket.
   Jawab: in
   Penjelasan: Ruang tertutup/semi-tertutup → in (in your bag, in the box).
8. Soal: They walked _ the park to get home.
   Jawab: through
   Penjelasan: through = melewati/di dalam area (through the park). Beda: across = dari satu sisi ke sisi lain (across the field), along = sepanjang (along the river).
9. Soal: She jumped _ the pool.
   Jawab: into
   Penjelasan: Gerakan menuju bagian dalam sesuatu → into (jump into the water). Beda: in (posisi: she is in the pool).
10. Soal: The cat jumped _ the roof.
    Jawab: onto
    Penjelasan: Gerakan naik ke permukaan → onto (onto the roof). Jika hanya posisi: The cat is on the roof.
11. Soal: The train goes _ Jakarta _ Bandung.
    Jawab: from … to → from Jakarta to Bandung
    Penjelasan: Arah/perpindahan: dari … ke … (from A to B). Kesalahan umum: from…into kecuali ada konteks masuk.
12. Soal: He has lived here _ 2010.
    Jawab: since
    Penjelasan: since menunjukkan titik mula waktu (since 2010). Gunakan dengan present perfect (has lived).
13. Soal: She studied English _ three years.
    Jawab: for
    Penjelasan: for menunjukkan durasi (for three years). (since dipakai untuk titik awal).
14. Soal: We must finish the work _ Friday.
    Jawab: by
    Penjelasan: by = sebelum atau paling lambat pada tenggat (by Friday). Beda: until/till = sampai waktu tertentu (we work until Friday = terus sampai hari itu).
15. Soal: I prefer tea _ coffee.
    Jawab: to
    Penjelasan: Struktur: prefer X to Y (I prefer tea to coffee). Kesalahan umum: prefer tea than coffee (salah).
16. Soal: This letter is _ you.
    Jawab: for
    Penjelasan: for = untuk/ditujukan kepada (a gift for you). Catatan: to you dipakai saat menyatakan alamat (this letter is addressed to you).
17. Soal: The cake was made _ my mother.
    Jawab: by
    Penjelasan: Di kalimat pasif, agen/si pembuat → by (made by my mother). Beda: with digunakan untuk alat/ bahan (made with sugar).
18. Soal: He was angry _ the delay.
    Jawab: about (atau at tergantung konteks)
    Penjelasan: Emosi + preposisi: angry about (tentang suatu kejadian) atau angry at (terhadap orang/sesuatu). Contoh: angry about the delay.
19. Soal: She is good _ math.
    Jawab: at
    Penjelasan: good at dipakai untuk keterampilan/ subjek (good at English, good at tennis). Kesalahan umum: good in (beberapa konteks formal mungkin terdengar ok, tapi good at adalah pola yang benar).
20. Soal: I’m interested _ learning Spanish.
    Jawab: in
    Penjelasan: Kata sifat + preposition: interested in + noun/gerund (interested in learning). Ingat: setelah preposisi → pakai noun atau gerund (learning).
21. Soal: He’s married _ a dentist.
    Jawab: to
    Penjelasan: married to someone (married to a teacher).
22. Soal: This exercise is similar _ the previous one.
    Jawab: to
    Penjelasan: similar to (similar to something). Kesalahan umum: gunakan similar with (salah).
23. Soal: He’s different _ his brother.
    Jawab: from
    Penjelasan: different from (different from someone). Catatan: different to dipakai kadang di British English, tapi different from paling umum.
24. Soal: We traveled _ train.
    Jawab: by
    Penjelasan: Moda transportasi: by train / by car / by bus; on the train berarti sedang berada di dalam kereta.
25. Soal: She went to school _ foot.
    Jawab: on (on foot)
    Penjelasan: Ungkapan tetap: on foot = berjalan kaki. Bukan by foot (informal tapi kurang tepat).
26. Soal: She is waiting _ the bus stop.
    Jawab: at
    Penjelasan: Titik/posisi spesifik → at the bus stop / at the corner / at the station.
27. Soal: I exercise _ the morning.
    Jawab: in
    Penjelasan: in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening; namun at night (kecualikan ‘in’).
28. Soal: The bank is _ the post office and the school.
    Jawab: between
    Penjelasan: between biasanya untuk dua benda/orang. Jika lebih dari dua → among.
29. Soal: We swam _ the river.
    Jawab: across
    Penjelasan: across = dari satu sisi ke sisi lain (across the river). Through the river menekankan bergerak di dalam (lebih jarang dipakai).
30. Soal: She is jealous _ her sister.
    Jawab: of
    Penjelasan: Kata sifat dengan preposisi: jealous of, afraid of, capable of.
31. Soal: I have known him _ 2015.
    Jawab: since
    Penjelasan: Titik awal hubungan → since 2015. (Has known since …)
32. Soal: She lives _ 22 Baker Street.
    Jawab: at
    Penjelasan: Alamat lengkap/huruf/nomor rumah → at 10 Downing Street / at 22 Baker St.
33. Soal: There’s a scratch _ the car.
    Jawab: on
    Penjelasan: Cidera/kerusakan di permukaan → gunakan on (on the door, on the screen).
34. Soal: Put the picture _ the frame.
    Jawab: in
    Penjelasan: Benda dimasukkan atau ditempatkan di dalam suatu bingkai/ruang → in the frame (bukan on).
35. Soal: Share the cake _ the five children.
    Jawab: among
    Penjelasan: among dipakai bila membagi ke lebih dari dua. between biasanya dua pihak.
36. Soal: Lean the ladder _ the wall.
    Jawab: against
    Penjelasan: lean against = bersandar pada sesuatu. Kesalahan umum: lean at the wall (salah).
37. Soal: They walked _ the river bank.
    Jawab: along
    Penjelasan: along the river/bank/street = sepanjang. Beda dengan across atau through.
38. Soal: _ the rain, we went out.
    Jawab: Despite (atau In spite of)
    Penjelasan: Despite the rain atau In spite of the rain = meskipun hujan. Catatan: setelah despite tidak perlu preposisi tambahan.
39. Soal: She drinks coffee _ milk.
    Jawab: with
    Penjelasan: with untuk menyatakan tambahan/pendamping (with milk, with sugar). Beda: without berarti tanpa.
40. Soal: They arrived _ time. (artikan: tepat waktu)
    Jawab: on → on time
    Penjelasan: on time = tepat waktu/punctual. Beda: in time = sebelum batas waktu atau cukup waktu (I arrived in time to catch the train).
41. Soal: He is responsible _ the project.
    Jawab: for
    Penjelasan: responsible for = bertanggung jawab atas sesuatu. (responsible to = bertanggung jawab kepada seseorang).
42. Soal: The book belongs _ me.
    Jawab: to
    Penjelasan: belong to menunjukkan kepemilikan. Common mistake: belongs with me (berarti cocok dengan saya, bukan kepemilikan).
43. Soal: This problem results _ poor planning.
    Jawab: from
    Penjelasan: result from = disebabkan oleh. Beda: result in = menghasilkan (cause → result in effect).
44. Soal: _ the teacher, the exam is next week.
    Jawab: According to
    Penjelasan: according to someone = menurut seseorang / sumber. (Tidak boleh bilang according the teacher tanpa to).
45. Soal: I apologized _ being late.
    Jawab: for
    Penjelasan: apologize for + noun/gerund (apologize for being late). Kesalahan: apologize to being late (salah). Note: apologize to someone = minta maaf kepada orang.
46. Soal: She succeeded _ solving the puzzle.
    Jawab: in
    Penjelasan: succeed in + gerund/noun (succeed in getting a job). Jangan salah pakai succeed to (beda makna).
47. Soal: He accused her _ stealing the money.
    Jawab: of
    Penjelasan: accuse someone of something. Kesalahan umum: accused her that (salah).
48. Soal: We are looking forward _ the holidays.
    Jawab: to
    Penjelasan: Frasa: look forward to + noun/gerund (looking forward to meeting you). Catatan: meskipun ada to, kata setelahnya bukan infinitive melainkan noun/gerund.
49. Soal: They insist _ paying the bill.
    Jawab: on
    Penjelasan: insist on + noun/gerund (insist on paying). Banyak salah paham: insist to pay (salah).
50. Soal: Cut the bread _ a knife.
    Jawab: with
    Penjelasan: with menunjukkan alat/instrument (cut with a knife). Beda: by bisa dipakai untuk moda transportasi atau agen pasif.

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