Serba-Serbi Verb: Pengertian Hingga Kumpulan Kata Kerja Bahasa Inggris

Di sekolah, kamu pasti pernah belajar bahasa Inggris, kan? Kalau pernah, pasti kamu juga familiar dengan pelajaran grammar yang katanya susah banget itu. Grammar atau tata bahasa yang dijumpai ketika belajar bahasa asing memang sering banget bikin banyak kepala pusing, biasanya karena aturan yang tumpang tindih dan istilah asing di telinga.

Salah satu bagian dari grammar adalah kata kerja yang tergabung dalam kelompok part of speech dalam bahasa Inggris. Nah, di artikel ini kamu akan menjumpai materi mendalam tentang kata kerja, termasuk di dalamnya kumpulan kata kerja bahasa Inggris. Yuk, simak bersama!

1. Apa Sih, Verb Itu?
2. Kegunaan Verb Itu Apa Saja?
3. Ada Berapa Jenis Verb yang Perlu Diketahui?
4. Apa Saja Kata yang Termasuk Ke Dalam Verb?

Apa Sih, Verb Itu?

Secara sederhana, verb merupakan kata kerja, yaitu kata yang menunjukkan aksi (tindakan), kejadian, atau keadaan dalam sebuah kalimat. Nah, verb atau kata kerja itu memiliki peran yang sangat penting di sebuah kalimat, lho. Kenapa? Karena tanpa verb, kamu tidak akan tahu apa yang sedang dilakukan, apa yang sedang terjadi, atau bagaimana keadaan subjek dalam sebuah kalimat.

Misalnya, kamu ingin menjelaskan bahwa kamu sedang mengerjakan sesuatu. Maka, kalimat yang kamu gunakan pasti memilki verb atau kerja di dalamnya. “Aku sedang belajar,” memiliki kata kerja ‘belajar’. Tanpa menyebutkan ‘belajar’, orang lain tidak akan mengerti kegiatan apa yang sedang kamu lakukan.

Kelihatan kan, pentingnya penggunaan verb dalam kalimat?

Kegunaan Verb Itu Apa Saja?

Wah, banyak banget! Kegunaan verb tidak hanya terbatas pada menyatakan aksi seperti “berlari” atau “makan.” Soalnya, verb merupakan bagian paling penting dari struktur kalimat. Tanpa verb, sebuah kalimat tidak akan lengkap dan tidak akan bermakna utuh. Beberapa fungsi penting dari verb, di antaranya;

1. Menyatakan Tindakan atau Aktivitas
   Fungsi pertama dan paling umum dari verb adalah untuk menunjukkan apa yang sedang dilakukan oleh subjek.
   Contoh:
   • She sings beautifully.
     Di sini, sings adalah verb yang menunjukkan tindakan menyanyi.
     Verb dalam bentuk ini disebut action verb, karena menunjukkan aksi nyata.
2. Menyatakan Keadaan, Kondisi, atau Perasaan
   Tidak semua verb menggambarkan aksi. Beberapa verb digunakan untuk menyatakan apa yang dirasakan atau dialami, bukan apa yang dilakukan.
   Contoh;
   • He feels tired.
   • I know the answer.
     Verb seperti feel, know, believe, love disebut sebagai stative verbs karena menunjukkan keadaan, bukan aksi.
3. Menghubungkan Subjek dengan Informasi Tambahan (Linking Verb)
   Beberapa verb berfungsi seperti jembatan yang menghubungkan subjek dengan keterangan atau pelengkap. Ini biasanya menggunakan verb to be (is, am, are, was, were), seem, become, dll.
   • She is a doctor.
   • It seems difficult.
     Dalam kalimat-kalimat ini, is dan seems bukan tindakan, melainkan penghubung antara subjek dan deskripsinya.
4. Menentukan Waktu Kejadian (Tenses)
   Verb membantu kita memahami kapan sesuatu terjadi—sekarang, masa lalu, atau masa depan. Ini adalah dasar dari konsep tenses dalam bahasa Inggris.
   • I play football. (sekarang)
   • I played football. (masa lalu)
   • I will play football. (masa depan)

Perubahan bentuk kata kerja inilah yang memberi tahu pembaca atau pendengar kapan suatu kejadian berlangsung. Jika kamu melihat rumus dari masing-masing jenis tenses dalam bahasa Inggris, kamu bisa melihat bahwa verb memiliki peran penting di setiap tenses yang ada.

Tense	Struktur	Contoh Kalimat	Artinya
Present Simple	S + Verb 1 (+s/es untuk he/she/it)	She drinks coffee.	Dia minum kopi.
Past Simple	S + Verb 2	They watched a movie.	Mereka menonton film.
Future Simple	S + will + Verb 1	I will go to school.	Aku akan pergi ke sekolah.
Present Continuous	S + am/is/are + Verb-ing	We are studying now.	Kami sedang belajar sekarang.
Past Continuous	S + was/were + Verb-ing	He was sleeping at 10 p.m.	Dia sedang tidur jam 10 malam.
Future Continuous	S + will be + Verb-ing	She will be working tomorrow.	Dia akan sedang bekerja besok.
Present Perfect	S + have/has + Verb 3	I have eaten lunch.	Saya sudah makan siang.
Past Perfect	S + had + Verb 3	He had left before I arrived.	Dia sudah pergi sebelum saya datang.
Future Perfect	S + will have + Verb 3	They will have finished by 5.	Mereka akan sudah selesai jam 5.

Ada Berapa Jenis Verb yang Perlu Diketahui?

1. Action Verb (Kata Kerja Tindakan)
     Menunjukkan tindakan fisik atau mental yang dilakukan oleh subjek.
   1. She runs every morning.
   2. He thinks about the problem carefully.
      Kata kerja runs dan thinks menunjukkan aktivitas nyata (berlari & berpikir).
2. Stative Verb (Kata Kerja Keadaan)
   Menunjukkan kondisi, perasaan, atau pendapat—bukan aksi nyata.
   1. I believe in you.
   2. She knows the answer.
      Kata believe dan know tidak bisa “dilihat” secara fisik; mereka menunjukkan keadaan pikiran.
3. Transitive Verb
   Kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek langsung setelahnya.
   1. He reads a book.
   2. She buys a car.
      Verb seperti reads dan buys harus diikuti objek (book, car). Tanpa objek, kalimatnya akan terasa menggantung.
4. Intransitive Verb
   Kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek langsung.
   1. She sleeps peacefully.
   2. They arrived late.
      Verb ini cukup berdiri sendiri. Kata keterangan seperti peacefully atau late hanya menjelaskan lebih lanjut.
5. Linking Verb
   Menghubungkan subjek dengan pelengkap (bukan menunjukkan aksi).
   1. He is a teacher.
   2. The food smells good.
      Verb seperti is dan smells menghubungkan subjek dengan deskripsi. Bukan aksi, tapi menjelaskan keadaan.
6. Auxiliary Verb (Helping Verb)
   Kata kerja bantu yang dipakai untuk membentuk tenses, pertanyaan, dan kalimat negatif.
   1. I am studying now.
   2. She has eaten dinner.
      Am dan has tidak berdiri sendiri, tapi membantu verb utama (studying, eaten) membentuk struktur kalimat.
7. Modal Verb
   Menunjukkan kemungkinan, kemampuan, izin, atau kewajiban.
   1. You must study hard.
   2. She can swim well.
      Modal seperti must dan can tidak berubah bentuk, dan selalu diikuti verb dasar (study, swim).
8. Regular Verb
   Verb yang bentuk past dan past participle-nya ditambah akhiran -ed.
   1. I watch TV every day.
   2. I watched a movie yesterday.
9. Irregular Verb
   Verb yang tidak mengikuti aturan -ed, dan bentuknya berubah-ubah.
   1. They go to school.
   2. They went to school yesterday.
10. Phrasal Verb
    Gabungan verb + preposisi/partikel yang punya makna khusus.
    1. He gave up smoking.
    2. Please look after the baby.
11. Causative Verb
    Verb yang menunjukkan bahwa subjek menyuruh atau membuat orang lain melakukan sesuatu.
    1. She made him cry.
    2. I had my car washed.
       Subjek tidak melakukan aksinya langsung, tapi menyuruh orang lain. Causative verbs yang umum: make, let, have, get.

Apa Saja Kata yang Termasuk Ke Dalam Verb?

Dalam menentukan apakah sebuah kata dapat dikategorikan sebagai kata kerja atau tidak, kamu bisa mengacu pada ciri-ciri kata kerja, antara lain;

• Menunjukkan aksi, keadaan, proses
• Bisa berubah bentuk (tenses)
• Bisa digabung dengan auxiliary/modal verb
• Muncul setelah subjek dalam kalimat
• Bisa dibentuk jadi “-ing”

Di bawah ini, ada 250 kata kerja yang bisa kamu gunakan sebagai tambahan vocabulary dan modal latihan membuat kalimat. Belajar bersama, yuk!

No	Verb	Arti (Bahasa Indonesia)	Contoh Kalimat
1	accept	menerima	She accepted the invitation.
2	add	menambahkan	Please add sugar to my coffee.
3	allow	mengizinkan	They don’t allow smoking here.
4	answer	menjawab	He answered all the questions correctly.
5	ask	bertanya / meminta	May I ask you a question?
6	bake	memanggang	I baked a chocolate cake.
7	begin	memulai	The class begins at 9 a.m.
8	believe	percaya	I believe in hard work.
9	break	merusak / memecahkan	He broke his phone yesterday.
10	bring	membawa	Please bring your book tomorrow.
11	build	membangun	They built a new hospital in town.
12	buy	membeli	She bought a new dress.
13	call	menelepon / memanggil	I called my friend last night.
14	change	mengubah	He changed his attitude.
15	choose	memilih	Choose the best answer.
16	clean	membersihkan	She cleans the kitchen every morning.
17	close	menutup	Don’t forget to close the window.
18	come	datang	He came to the party late.
19	cook	memasak	My mom cooks delicious food.
20	cut	memotong	She cut her finger while cooking.
21	dance	menari	They danced beautifully.
22	decide	memutuskan	I decided to study abroad.
23	do	melakukan	I do my homework every day.
24	draw	menggambar	He draws cartoons for a living.
25	drink	minum	She drinks a lot of water.
26	drive	mengemudi	He drives to work every day.
27	eat	makan	We eat lunch at 1 p.m.
28	explain	menjelaskan	Can you explain the rules?
29	fall	jatuh	He fell from the stairs.
30	feel	merasa	I feel tired today.
31	find	menemukan	I found my keys under the bed.
32	finish	menyelesaikan	She finished her assignment early.
33	forget	melupakan	Don’t forget your umbrella.
34	forgive	memaafkan	I forgave him for his mistake.
35	get	mendapatkan	I got a new job.
36	give	memberi	He gave me a present.
37	go	pergi	We go to school by bus.
38	grow	tumbuh / menumbuhkan	Flowers grow in spring.
39	guess	menebak	Can you guess my age?
40	hate	membenci	I hate doing the dishes.
41	have	memiliki	I have three cats.
42	hear	mendengar	Did you hear the news?
43	help	membantu	Can you help me, please?
44	hold	memegang	He held the baby carefully.
45	hope	berharap	I hope everything goes well.
46	invite	mengundang	She invited me to her wedding.
47	join	bergabung	Would you like to join us?
48	keep	menyimpan / menjaga	Keep your phone in your bag.
49	know	tahu	I know the answer.
50	laugh	tertawa	They laughed at his joke.
51	learn	belajar	I’m learning English.
52	leave	meninggalkan	She left the room silently.
53	lend	meminjamkan	Can you lend me your book?
54	let	membiarkan / mengizinkan	Let him do it himself.
55	like	menyukai	I like chocolate.
56	listen	mendengarkan	Please listen carefully.
57	live	tinggal / hidup	They live in Jakarta.
58	look	melihat / memandang	Look at the sky!
59	lose	kehilangan	I lost my wallet.
60	love	mencintai / menyukai	She loves her family very much.
61	make	membuat	He made a mistake.
62	mean	berarti / bermaksud	What does this word mean?
63	meet	bertemu	I met her at the mall.
64	miss	merindukan / melewatkan	I miss my hometown.
65	move	pindah / bergerak	We moved to a new house.
66	need	membutuhkan	I need your help.
67	open	membuka	Please open the window.
68	paint	mengecat / melukis	He painted the wall blue.
69	pay	membayar	She paid the bill.
70	play	bermain	They play football every weekend.
71	practice	berlatih	You need to practice every day.
72	prefer	lebih suka	I prefer tea over coffee.
73	prepare	menyiapkan	She prepared lunch for us.
74	promise	berjanji	He promised to call me.
75	protect	melindungi	Sunscreen protects your skin.
76	pull	menarik	Pull the door to open it.
77	push	mendorong	Push the button to start.
78	put	meletakkan	I put the keys on the table.
79	rain	hujan	It’s raining outside.
80	read	membaca	I read a good book last night.
81	receive	menerima	I received your email.
82	remember	mengingat	I remember your name.
83	repeat	mengulang	Can you repeat that, please?
84	reply	membalas / menjawab	She replied to my message.
85	rest	beristirahat	You should rest for a while.
86	return	kembali / mengembalikan	I returned the book to the library.
87	ride	mengendarai / naik	He rides his bike to school.
88	ring	berdering / menelepon	My phone rang during the meeting.
89	run	berlari	They ran to catch the bus.
90	say	mengatakan	He said hello to everyone.
91	see	melihat	I saw a rainbow yesterday.
92	sell	menjual	She sells handmade jewelry.
93	send	mengirim	I sent you a message.
94	show	menunjukkan	Show me your drawing.
95	sing	bernyanyi	She sings beautifully.
96	sit	duduk	Please sit down.
97	sleep	tidur	I slept for 8 hours.
98	smile	tersenyum	He smiled at me.
99	speak	berbicara	Can you speak English?
100	spend	menghabiskan (waktu/uang)	We spent the weekend at the beach.
101	stand	berdiri	He stood in line for an hour.
102	start	memulai	Let’s start the meeting.
103	stay	tinggal	We stayed at a nice hotel.
104	stop	berhenti	Please stop talking.
105	study	belajar	She studies every night.
106	succeed	berhasil	He succeeded in the final exam.
107	suggest	menyarankan	I suggest taking a break.
108	swim	berenang	We swam in the lake.
109	take	mengambil	Please take a seat.
110	talk	berbicara	We talked for hours.
111	teach	mengajar	She teaches English at school.
112	tell	memberitahu	Can you tell me the truth?
113	thank	berterima kasih	I thanked her for the gift.
114	think	berpikir	I think you’re right.
115	throw	melempar	He threw the ball to me.
116	touch	menyentuh	Don’t touch the glass—it’s hot!
117	train	berlatih / melatih	She trains every morning.
118	travel	bepergian	I love to travel to new places.
119	try	mencoba	Try again, you can do it!
120	turn	memutar / berbelok	Turn left at the corner.
121	type	mengetik	He types very fast.
122	understand	memahami	I don’t understand the question.
123	use	menggunakan	She uses her phone a lot.
124	wait	menunggu	Please wait for me.
125	wake	bangun	I wake up at 6 a.m. every day.
126	walk	berjalan	We walked to school together.
127	want	ingin	I want to go home.
128	watch	menonton	He watches TV at night.
129	win	menang	They won the match.
130	wish	berharap	I wish you all the best.
131	work	bekerja	He works as a teacher.
132	worry	khawatir	Don’t worry about it.
133	write	menulis	She writes in her journal every day.
134	yell	berteriak	He yelled for help.
135	agree	setuju	I agree with your opinion.
136	argue	berdebat	They often argue about politics.
137	arrive	tiba	We arrived late.
138	avoid	menghindari	Try to avoid junk food.
139	bake	memanggang	She baked cookies yesterday.
140	become	menjadi	He became a famous artist.
141	behave	berperilaku	Please behave yourself.
142	bite	menggigit	The dog bit my hand.
143	bleed	berdarah	His nose started to bleed.
144	blow	meniup	The wind blew strongly.
145	boil	mendidih / merebus	The water is boiling.
146	borrow	meminjam	Can I borrow your pen?
147	brush	menyikat	Don’t forget to brush your teeth.
148	burn	membakar	He accidentally burned the toast.
149	carry	membawa	She carried the baby gently.
150	catch	menangkap	I caught the ball!
151	celebrate	merayakan	We celebrated her birthday last night.
152	check	memeriksa	Please check your answers.
153	choose	memilih	Choose your favorite color.
154	climb	memanjat	He climbed the mountain alone.
155	compare	membandingkan	Let’s compare our answers.
156	complain	mengeluh	She always complains about the food.
157	complete	menyelesaikan	I completed the task on time.
158	concentrate	berkonsentrasi	Please concentrate on your work.
159	connect	menghubungkan	Connect the cable to the TV.
160	continue	melanjutkan	Let’s continue the lesson.
161	control	mengendalikan	Try to control your emotions.
162	cook	memasak	He cooks dinner every night.
163	correct	memperbaiki / membetulkan	The teacher corrected my test.
164	crash	menabrak	He crashed into a tree.
165	create	menciptakan	She created a beautiful painting.
166	cry	menangis	The baby is crying.
167	cut	memotong	I cut the paper with scissors.
168	decide	memutuskan	I decided to stay home.
169	deliver	mengantar / mengirimkan	The package was delivered today.
170	describe	menggambarkan / menjelaskan	Can you describe the suspect?
171	destroy	menghancurkan	The storm destroyed many houses.
172	develop	mengembangkan	We are developing a new app.
173	die	meninggal	Her grandmother died last year.
174	discover	menemukan	Scientists discovered a new species.
175	discuss	berdiskusi	We discussed the problem in class.
176	divide	membagi	Divide the cake into six pieces.
177	dress	berpakaian	She dressed quickly.
178	drop	menjatuhkan	I dropped my phone.
179	dry	mengeringkan	Let the clothes dry in the sun.
180	earn	menghasilkan / memperoleh	He earns a good salary.
181	end	mengakhiri / berakhir	The movie ended suddenly.
182	enter	masuk	Please enter your password.
183	escape	melarikan diri	The prisoner tried to escape.
184	examine	memeriksa / menguji	The doctor examined me.
185	exist	ada / eksis	Dinosaurs no longer exist.
186	expect	mengharapkan	I expected better results.
187	explain	menjelaskan	He explained the rules clearly.
188	face	menghadapi	You have to face your fears.
189	fail	gagal	I failed the test.
190	feed	memberi makan	She feeds the cats every morning.
191	feel	merasa	I feel happy today.
192	fight	bertarung / bertengkar	They fought over a toy.
193	fill	mengisi	Fill the glass with water.
194	fix	memperbaiki	Can you fix my laptop?
195	fly	terbang	The bird flew away.
196	follow	mengikuti	Follow me, please.
197	force	memaksa	Don’t force me to do that.
198	forgive	memaafkan	She forgave him quickly.
199	freeze	membeku / membekukan	Water freezes at 0°C.
200	gain	memperoleh / mendapatkan	He gained a lot of experience.
201	gather	mengumpulkan	The kids gathered flowers in the field.
202	get	mendapatkan	I got a new phone yesterday.
203	give	memberi	She gave me a birthday present.
204	grow	tumbuh / menanam	The plants grow quickly.
205	guess	menebak	Can you guess the answer?
206	handle	menangani	He can handle the pressure well.
207	hang	menggantung	Hang your coat over there.
208	hate	membenci	I hate waiting in line.
209	hear	mendengar	Did you hear that sound?
210	help	membantu	She helped me with my homework.
211	hide	bersembunyi / menyembunyikan	He hid the gift under the bed.
212	hope	berharap	I hope everything goes well.
213	hug	memeluk	She hugged her mom tightly.
214	hurt	menyakiti / terluka	I hurt my leg while running.
215	identify	mengidentifikasi	Can you identify the problem?
216	imagine	membayangkan	Imagine living on the moon!
217	improve	memperbaiki / meningkatkan	You’ve improved a lot!
218	include	menyertakan / mencakup	The price includes lunch.
219	inform	memberi tahu / menginformasikan	Please inform me if you’re late.
220	invite	mengundang	I invited her to my birthday party.
221	join	bergabung	He joined the football team.
222	jump	melompat	She jumped over the puddle.
223	keep	menjaga / menyimpan	Keep the keys in a safe place.
224	kill	membunuh	The lion killed its prey.
225	knock	mengetuk	Someone is knocking at the door.
226	laugh	tertawa	We laughed at his jokes.
227	lead	memimpin	She leads the team well.
228	lie	berbohong / berbaring	He lied about his age.
229	lift	mengangkat	Can you lift this box?
230	light	menyalakan / menerangi	She lit a candle.
231	limit	membatasi	Please limit your screen time.
232	lock	mengunci	I locked the door.
233	manage	mengelola	He manages a small shop.
234	mark	menandai	Mark your answers clearly.
235	marry	menikah	They got married last year.
236	match	mencocokkan / cocok	This shirt matches your shoes.
237	matter	penting / berarti	It doesn’t matter anymore.
238	measure	mengukur	Measure the length of the table.
239	mention	menyebutkan	He didn’t mention your name.
240	mind	keberatan / memperhatikan	Do you mind if I sit here?
241	mix	mencampur	Mix the ingredients well.
242	notice	memperhatikan / menyadari	Did you notice the difference?
243	obtain	memperoleh	He obtained a scholarship.
244	operate	mengoperasikan	She operates the machine smoothly.
245	organize	mengatur	I organized my desk today.
246	overcome	mengatasi	She overcame her fear of heights.
247	pack	mengemas	I packed my bags for the trip.
248	pass	lulus / melewati	He passed the driving test.
249	perform	tampil / melakukan	The band performed well.
250	prefer	lebih suka	I prefer staying at home.